JACKSON AVW (1938) The newest personality of Mani, new maker from Manichaeism
Haj, Handicap from inside the Antiquity, q
Record of your American Oriental Neighborhood 58: 235-40. Heading representations regarding Mani otherwise Manes, c. 216-276 Ce, try talked about, which have thought of culture indexed by al-Nadim (writing c. 987 Ce) one Mani try lame both in feet or perhaps in his best base. One lifestyle is backed by retranslation away from a phrase during the the fresh Pahlavi Denkart (step three.2 hundred, 1-13) (come across Dinkard, above), applying the name ‘broken’ or ‘crippled’ to help you Mani (find less than, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).
Right here, centered on Michael Dols, he talked about “bodily infirmities such as body disorders, lameness, paralysis, and deafness and personal services such as for instance baldness, leanness, and you can ugliness
Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr container Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [The fresh Lepers, brand new Lame, brand new Blind, plus the Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) try a prolific, influential and you may notably ugly journalist having ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), during the Basra (today in Iraq), whose really works could have been much cited across the Arab industry. ” Their point were to demonstrate that “physical infirmities and you will peculiarities don’t impede an individual off getting a totally active member of the brand new Muslim neighborhood or bar your regarding very important workplaces. Al-Jahiz managed you to physical problems commonly societal stigmas but they are what is generally titled signs and symptoms of divine blessing otherwise favor.” (M Dols, 1983, The new leper within the Gothic Islamic area. Speculum 58: 891-916, to the p. 901) Even after his own exposure to negative societal reactions, al-Jahiz in just one of their finest-identified functions, ‘The Wonders off Creation’, penned harshly in the personal aspects of deafness. Aside from the deaf individuals loss of musical, “People are bored in the business in which he are a burden on them. He is unable to hear the people’s tales and you can discussions. Even though expose it is as if he was indeed missing, and though real time it is since if the guy was basically dead.” (quoted by F. v., p. 159). Get a hold of second activities. Yet another commentator notes one “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is among the most hard functions by Jahiz, as well as topic is practically novel for the historic Arabic literature. (There will not be seemingly a keen English interpretation available at present).
JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Lives inside the Ancient Asia since the Portrayed about Jain Canons. Bombay: The fresh Publication Company. Problems and medication, also certain disabilities, off Jaina offer (pp. 178-81). Those with handicaps, also mental retardation, are omitted off joining spiritual instructions (194). Look for Tattvartha Sutra, below; and additionally second several circumstances).
[JAINA Messages] Gaina Sutras interpreted regarding Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, 2 vols, (1884 and 1895), SBE twenty-two & forty five, Oxford: Clarendon. [The fresh SBE series made use of a keen italicised ‘G’ in place of ‘J’, without a doubt explanations. Right here ‘Gaina’ might have been reinserted throughout the normal alphabetical acquisition getting comfort.] – The newest Akaranga Sutra (inside the vol. I), of probably the 5th century Ce, offered education to own an effective holy and innocuous lives. Handicap and handicap arrive, age.g. “for the devastation of the attitudes of your own ear canal, attention, areas from smell, sampling, holding, a man will get alert to the fresh decline from life” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk We (2) 1]. Fresh fruit regarding wrong acts from inside the before existence is actually: “Comes and leprosy, practices, falling disease, blindness and hardness, lameness and you may humpbackedness, Dropsy and you can dumbness, browse! apoplexy (?) and vision-situation, shaking and you can crippledness, elephantiasis and you may all forms of diabetes, These represent the 16 infection specified when you look at the due acquisition; in addition to all of them of numerous ailments and wounds can be found.” (I: 54) [Bk I (6) step 1.] Yet correct-minded anybody will be take time to play with inoffensive terminology whenever conference anyone with for example conditions. They “must not chat of those similar to this: ‘He has got comes or leprosy keikkaopas stockholm, an such like [adding brand new terms revealed a lot more than]; their give was slash, or his legs, nostrils, ear, lip is slashed.’ Getting once the every these people, verbal to in such words, getting annoyed, which, considering well, they want to maybe not speak with them in such code.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) 2.] – The fresh new Uttaradhyayana Sutra (during the Vol. II) plus notes handicap with ageing, “If for example the human anatomy expands old, plus tresses converts light, the effectiveness of your ears decreases”, also towards the sight, nose, language, reach (II: p. 44) [section X]. – The new Sutrakritanga Sutra (into the Vol. II) mentions for the passage new “blind-created man” (p. 243), and you may “dudes just who walk on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering immediately after relationships try cautioned of one’s dreadful disablement regarding one situation: are purchased from the away from dawn right until midnight from the wife, additionally the remainder of the nights comforting newborns and washing the nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks whom get involved in erotic delights are guaranteed nevertheless worse discomfort when they pass away; then it “is produced deaf-and-dumb, or blind [footnote: either blind because of the birth, or definitely foolish or unaware], or foolish of the delivery.” (p. 363; equivalent to your pp. 367, 430) [Bk 2 (2); and you may 2 (7)].